Findings highlight the challenges and potential benefits of including translanguaging theories in mainstream and TESOL teacher preparation programs’ curricula. Through the analysis of interview data and participants’ written reflections and coursework, we explored preservice teachers’ beliefs and the evolution of their views on language learning, language, linguistic diversity, and translanguaging over the course of one semester. To redress this gap, this study investigated mainstream preservice teachers’ uptake of translanguaging theories while taking an online ESOL methods course required for TESOL certification. Research on teachers’ receptivity to translanguaging’s epistemological (re)orientation towards mainstreaming multilingualism, however, remains scarce. Teacher education programs play a pivotal role in preparing teachers who enact this vision.
In the past decade, researchers have argued for translanguaging as an instructional approach that radically re-conceptualizes educators’ views on multilingualism as an asset. Implications are discussed, including the importance of advocating for more equitable language practices and policies. A comparison of their performance on monolingual versus conceptually scored bilingual receptive vocabulary assessments demonstrates the importance of utilizing assessments that center bilingual practices as the norm. As part of a research–practice partnership program, the authors collected receptive vocabulary data from Spanish‐English bilingual students from three urban elementary schools in the southern United States. Use of conceptually scored bilingual vocabulary assessments allows bilingual students to more comprehensively draw from their entire linguistic repertoires to demonstrate their vocabulary knowledge-which is distributed across languages-thus allowing for a more complete understanding of their language development. This inequitable practice makes it appear as if bilingual learners have lower language abilities compared to their monolingual peers. Yet many schools, particularly those in new immigration destination regions, continue to measure bilingual students’ vocabulary using monolingual norms. None of the three packages is approved for use with tile plows because John Deere does not warrant use of its tractors for tiling.įor more information, visit bilingual learners are the fastest growing demographic in U.S.
#ELS IGRADE PRO#
Surface Water Pro and Surface Water Pro Plus can use either SF2 or RTK correction signals. The activation fee for Surface Water Pro is $3,000 and $5,500 for Surface Water Pro Plus. The suggested retail price of iGrade is $500 for the application controller, plus a $4,000 activation fee.
#ELS IGRADE MANUAL#
Max Cut allows users to set a series of sub-cuts needed to make large grade changes, a task that typically requires manual overrides, Hogrefe notes. John Deere added a new function called Max Cut to iGrade this summer to simplify ditch cleaning and other grading tasks. Now growers can reclaim ditches themselves using a lot of the precision technology they already own.” Many ditches have been left untouched for years. “In the Midwest, we are also seeing more people wanting to manage their ditches. “In Nebraska, Kansas and Colorado, we are seeing more demand for land leveling,” he says. Hogrefe confirms that recent wet springs have accelerated interest in harnessing existing on-farm GPS capabilities to improve drainage. When used with iGrade, the Pro Plus program’s sophisticated planning features complement more rudimentary iGrade drainage planning capabilities and automate the grading process, says Tyler Hogrefe, a senior technical product manager with John Deere Agricultural Management Solutions.
#ELS IGRADE SOFTWARE#
They include iGrade, a controller and software package that automates land grading, ditching and other distance-based hydraulic commands, which Deere introduced in the fall of 2010.ĭeere also offers two software packages for generating ditches and levees: Surface Water Pro and Surface Water Pro Plus. John Deere offers three options for GPS-assisted grading and ditching using GreenStar 26 monitors.
0 kommentar(er)
